Machine Learning

In traditional programming, humans write out every rule by hand — like "if the word 'spam' appears, block it." Machine learning flips this around: you show the computer tens of thousands of spam emails and tens of thousands of normal emails, and let it figure out the rules itself.

The key shift is in how you teach — instead of giving answers, you give examples. Virtually all the AI making headlines today is machine learning, and more specifically, a branch of it called deep learning.